Squid is a proxy caching server. If you are Linux sysadmin, you can use squid to control internet access at your work environment.
This beginners guide will give a jump-start on how to setup squid on Linux to restrict internet access in an network.
Install Squid
You should install the following three squid related packages on your system.
- squid
- squid-common
- squid-langpack
On Debian and Ubuntu, use aptitude to install squid as shown below. On CentOS, use yum to install the squid package.
$ sudo aptitude install squid
Check Configuration and Startup scripts
Apart from installing the squid related packages, it also creates the /etc/squid/squid.conf and /etc/init.d/squid startup script.
By default Squid runs on 3128 port. You can verify this from the squid.conf file. You can also set the visible_hostname parameter in your squid.conf, which will be used in error_log. If you don’t define, squid gets the hostname value using gethostname() function.
# vim /etc/squid/squid.conf visible_hostname ubuntuserver httpd_port 3128
Note: The http port number (3128) specified in the squid.conf should be entered in the proxy setting section in the client browser. If squid is built with SSL, you can use https_port option inside squid.conf to define https squid.
Start Squid and View Logs
Start the Squid proxy caching server as shown below.
# service squid start squid start/running, process 11743
Squid maintains three log files (access.log, cache.log and store.log) under /var/log/squid directory.
From the /var/log/squid/access.log, you can view who accessed which website at what time. Following is the format of the squid access.log record.
time elapsed remotehost code/status bytes method URL rfc931 peerstatus/peerhost
To disable logging in squid, update the squid.conf with the following information.
# to disable access.log cache_access_log /dev/null # to disable store.log cache_store_log none # to disable cache.log cache_log /dev/null
Squid Usage 1: Restrict Access to Specific Websites
This is how you can restrict folks from browsing certain website when they are connected to your network using your proxy server.
Create a file called restricted_sites and list all sites that you would want to restrict the access.
# vim /etc/squid/restricted_sites www.yahoo.com mail.yahoo.com
Modify the squid.conf to add the following.
# vim /etc/squid/squid.conf acl RestrictedSites dstdomain "/etc/squid/restricted_sites" http_access deny RestrictedSites
Note: You can also configure squid as a transparent proxy server, which we’ll discuss in a separate article. Also, refer to our earlier article on how to block ip-address using fail2ban and iptables.
Squid Usage 2: Allow Access to Websites Only During Specific Time
Some organization might want to allow employees to surf or download from the internet only during specific timeperiods.
The squid.conf configuration shown below will allow internet access for employees only between 9:00AM and 18:00 during weekdays.
# vim /etc/squid/squid.conf acl official_hours time M T W H F 09:00-18:00 http_access deny all http_access allow official_hours
Squid Usage 3 : Restrict Access to Particular Network
Instead of restricting specific sites, you can also provide access only to certain network and block everything else. The example below, allows access only to the 192.168.1.* internal network.
# vim /etc/squid/squid.conf acl branch_offices src 192.168.1.0/24 http_access deny all http_access allow branch_offices
For a Linux based intrusion detection system, refer to our tripwire article.
Squid Usage 4 : Use Regular Expression to Match URLs
You can also use regular expression to allow or deny websites.
First create a blocked_sites files with a list of keywords.
# cat /etc/squid/blocked_sites soccer movie www.example.com
Modify the squid.conf to block any sites that has any of these keywords in their url.
# vim /etc/squid/squid.conf acl blocked_sites url_regex -i "/etc/squid/blocked_sites" http_access deny blocked_sites http_access allow all
In the above example, -i option is used for ignoring case for matching. So, while accessing the websites, squid will try to match the url with any of the pattern mentioned in the above blocked_sites file and denies the access when it matches.
SARG – Squid Analysis Report Generator
Download and install SARG to generate squid usage reports.
Use the sarg-reports command to generate reports as shown below.
# to generate the report for today sarg-report today # on daily basis sarg-report daily # on weekly basis sarg-report weekly # on monthly basis sarg-report monthly
Note: Add the sarg-report to the crontab.
The reports generated by sarg are stored under /var/www/squid-reports. These are html reports can you can view from a browser.
$ ls /var/www/squid-reports Daily index.hyml $ ls /var/www/squid-reports/Daily 2010Aug28-2010Aug28 images index.html
My name is Ramesh Natarajan. I will be posting instruction guides, how-to, troubleshooting tips and tricks on Linux, database, hardware, security and web. My focus is to write articles that will either teach you or help you resolve a problem. Read more about
Comments on this entry are closed.
Good Article.
Can you please guide me, how to display a banner right after a website is blocked by squid server ?
eg: “This website is Blocked and should not be accessed from the premises of Example Inc”
Thanks for the Squid article. Would be interested in how to configure to securely use a Squid proxy server from a remote location.
Sarg or calamaris?
comments welcomen. thanks.
For Madharasan,
You could create a page with that banner, and redirect them inside of Squid. I’m not sure how to do the redirection, but essentially that’s what you’ll want to do.
For the author,
Could you do a tutorial on how to configure your network to use Squid regardless of whether the browser settings have it as a proxy? I’ve seen this once before, but honestly I don’t remember where.
Have a great day:)
Patrick.
Excellent Article.
Can you please provide info on how to limit/distribute bandwidth for a particular IP/user
Squid Usage 3 : Restrict Access to Particular Network
# vim /etc/squid/squid.conf
acl branch_offices src 192.168.1.0/24
http_access deny all
http_access allow branch_offices
Should be (I think) ….
# vim /etc/squid/squid.conf
acl branch_offices src 192.168.1.0/24
http_access allow branch_offices
http_access deny all
Hi,
My requirement is if I assign user to access internet only 2 hours within a week.
Is this possible in squid ?
Thanks,
Ritesh
@Tapas
Definitely. ‘http_access deny all’ needs to come at the end of a block, or else the next directive is ignored. squid.conf is parsed top-down. That can be quite tricky, and I’ve run into some headaches over this. Nevertheless, I love squid. Fantastic piece of software.
Thanks, the stuff here is really useful. How do i restrict a group of ip addresses from downloading during a specified period and leave another group with the access to downloading.
Hi all,
I m doing my M.E. in computer science, and i have selected my subject for thesis as network security,. in that i m willing to do some work in squid proxy server. can any one guid me on that. i m interested in finding dos attacks and preventing them
I want to restrict group of internet sites to some IPs and allow that sites to a particular IP using squid configuration file. Kindly help me.
How can i used squid on a windows server 2003?
dear Boss,
i am recently joined one organization i’m facing some problem in squid
when i want to access the internet then it’s giving message u can’t access (linuxserver squid /2.6 stable6) how can remove permission plz give me answaer as soon as possible
Hi Deepak,
Can u please send me your error screen shot squid ….
can anyone tell me that how to get the logged access. i mean to say that before opening a website it should open a web page which contains a message that “your usage is being logged ” and on the same page there should be a link to continue to that particular website.
Hi Deepak,
I have installed squid proxy in my network and it is working fine, i want to know how much bandwidth the users are using? is there any easy and possible way to that?? please do reply me to my email id..
In which file, the following lines to be added? /etc/squid/squid.conf or /usr/local/etc/sarg.conf
# to generate the report for today
sarg-report today
# on daily basis
sarg-report daily
# on weekly basis
sarg-report weekly
# on monthly basis
sarg-report monthly
How can I force users to point their browser to the Proxy Server? I mean, Is it possible if user don’t go through proxy Server, internet wont be accessible.
Regards, Supriyo
Hi, Everyone I using here squid for block some url, I want block every website by default, so I can do it please suggest me if possible in squid .
Hi,
I want know about to give access to particular user upto 250 mb in a day after that no access allowed by squid server in Linux, can you please advice?